Indigenous knowledge of cultivation and production of the medicinal plant, Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), in Sistan and Baluchestan province

The indigenous knowledge of cultivating and producing Roselle has been prevalent in Sistan and Baluchestan Province for generations, with farmers relying entirely on traditional methods from planting to harvesting. This study was conducted to document and analyze indigenous agricultural practices related to Roselle in the region. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to gather farmers' knowledge on Roselle cultivation. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, conducted through field research. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha test. Findings indicate a rich tradition of local knowledge and farming practices, shaped by the traditional agricultural system in the area. The results show that local farmers typically plant Roselle from mid-February to mid-June. The most farmers have believed that the cultivation of Roselle were considered suitable in loamy soil (72.7%), moderate planting density (63.6%), a planting depth of 5 cm (79.5%), ridges planting method (40.9%), and wet planting techniques (77.2%) ideal for cultivation. Most farmers recommended some methods for Roselle cultivating including using of germinated seeds without the application of manure and chemical fertilizers, irrigating every 14 and 21 days, crust-breaking after first irrigation, Roselle blend cultivation with other crops, and weeds control manually in Roselle farming.