Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Shirvan Azad University, Iran
2
Islamic Azad University, Shirvan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
3
Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran
4
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan Branch, Iran
10.22092/mpt.2025.369464.1191
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of altitude above sea level on the amount of some active compounds in Teucrium polium. A completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2023. Experimental sites included mountains south of Mashhad (altitude 1237 m), Kashmar Red Mountains (1771 m), and south of Torqaba (1280 m) above sea level. Essential oil content was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Essential oil content was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Major compounds identified in the Mashhad sample were methyl chavicol (12.3%), hinsol acetate (6.6%), beta-odsmol (5.2%), phytol (4.3%), germacrene D (3.4%), cis-verbenol (3.2%), terpinol (2.8%), beta-caryophyllene (2.7%), and e-beta-farnesene (2.6%). In the Kooh Sorkh sample from Kashmar, beta-caryophyllene (12%), germacrene D (8.1%), spathulenol (6.4%), and caryophyllene oxide (7.3%) were dominant. The Torqaba sample contained beta-caryophyllene (19.8%), e-beta-farnesene (7.9%), methyl chavicol (7.5%), and germacrene D (2.8%). The highest total phenol content (107 mg/g) was observed in the Kooh-Sorkh region, while the lowest (101 mg/g) was recorded in Torqaba. Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes were most abundant in the Kooh-Sorkh region, at 32% and 17.3%, respectively, exceeding levels found in the other locations. The total major essential oil compounds ranged from 95.8% to 97.9% across the sites. These results suggest that higher altitudes may enhance the medicinal quality of T. Polium by increasing bioactive compound concentrations, providing valuable insights for optimizing cultivation strategies.
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